Education, Science, Technology, Innovation and Life
Open Access
Sign In
  1. Home
  2. Journals
  3. Journal of Human Movement Science
  4. Vol 2, Issue 2, 2021

Effect of Football Training on Pupils' Loneliness--the Mediating Role of Self-Esteem

Download as PDF

DOI: 10.23977/jhms.2021.020205 | Downloads: 9 | Views: 918

Author(s)

Hongen Liu 1, Linnan Ma 1, Yingying Zhang 1, Hainan Fan 1, Zhao Xu 1

Affiliation(s)

1 Shan Dong Sport University, Jinan Shandong, 250102, China

Corresponding Author

Hongen Liu

ABSTRACT

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of four weeks’ football training on loneliness, to explore the mechanism of football training directly affecting loneliness; and through exploring the mediating effect of self-esteem on football training and loneliness. The relationship among loneliness, self-esteem and football and the internal mechanism of action are clarified. Methods: Taking 60 students from the third grade of a primary school in Jinan City as the subjects, the students are in the age range of 8-10 years old. The students are randomly divided into two groups, 30 people in each group, one group is the experimental group and the other group is the control group. The “Children's Loneliness Scale” is used to measure the degree of loneliness of students, and the “Self-Esteem Scale” is used to measure the level of students' self-esteem. Use statistical software SPSS 26.0 to establish a database and perform statistical analysis. The test data adopts 2 (group: experimental group, control group) × 2 (test time: pre-test, post-test) repeated measurement analysis of variance. Use the structural equation model to test the mediating role of self-esteem in football training and loneliness. Results: After four weeks’ football training:1. the time of main effect of the loneliness score test is significant (F (1,42) =5.36, p<0.05, ŋp2=0.11); the main effect of the group is not significant (F (1,42) =82.10, p>0.05, ŋp2=0.01); the interaction effect of the test time*group is significant (F (1,42) =21.01, p<0.05, ŋp2=0.10). In addition, simple effect analysis shows that there is no significant difference in loneliness score between the pre-test experimental group and the control group (F=0.10, p>0.05), there are significant differences in loneliness scores before and after the experimental group (F=10.24, p<0.05), there is no significant difference in loneliness scores before and after the control group (F=0.01, p>0.05), the average loneliness score of the experimental group after exercise intervention is lower than before . 2. the main effect of self-esteem score test time is significant (F (1,42) =14.32, p<0.01, ŋp2=0.25); the main effect of the group is not significant (F (1,42) =104.73, p>0.05, ŋp2=0.05); the interaction effect of the test time*group is significant (F (1,42) =4.60, p<0.05, ŋp2=0.10). Simple effect analysis shows that there is no significant difference in self-esteem scores between the pre-test experimental group and the control group (F=0.85, p>0.05), and there is no significant difference in self-esteem scores before and after the control group (F=1.35,p>0.05), there are significant differences in self-esteem scores before and after the experimental group (F=17.58, p<0.05), the average self-esteem score of the experimental group after exercise intervention is higher than that before the intervention. 3. The correlation between self-esteem and loneliness is significant (r=-0.50, p<0.01). Football has a significant positive predictive effect on self-esteem (p<0.05); self-esteem has a significant negative predictive effect on loneliness (p<0.01); football has a significant negative predictive effect on loneliness (p<0.05). The direct effect of football on loneliness is not significant, but the total indirect effect of football on loneliness is significant, and the mediating effect of self-esteem is significant in football→ self-esteem→ loneliness. Conclusions: 4 weeks of football training can significantly reduce the loneliness of primary school students and can effectively promote the improvement of primary school students' self-esteem; self-esteem plays a completely mediating role in the impact of football training on loneliness.

KEYWORDS

Football training, Children, Loneliness, Self-esteem

CITE THIS PAPER

Hongen Liu, Linnan Ma, Yingying Zhang, Hainan Fan, Zhao Xu. Effect of Football Training on Pupils' Loneliness--the Mediating Role of Self-Esteem. Journal of Human Movement Science (2021) 2: 23-31. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.23977/jhms.2021.020205.

REFERENCES

[1] Qualter P, Brown S L, Munn P, et al. Childhood loneliness as a predictor of adolescent depressive symptoms: an 8-year longitudinal study[J]. European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry. 2010, 19(6): 493-501.
[2] Yi-Le, Wu, Xue, et al. The risk and protective factors in the development of childhood social anxiety symptoms among Chinese children[J]. Psychiatry Research. 2016.
[3] Children' s and young people' s experiences of loneliness: 2018[Z]. 2019.
[4] Brage D, Meredith W, Woodward J. Correlates of loneliness among Midwestern adolescents. [J]. Adolescence. 1993, 28(111): 685.
[5] Wethington H, Pan L, Sherry B. The association of screen time, television in the bedroom, and obesity among school-aged youth: 2007 National Survey of Children's Health[J]. The Journal of school health. 2013, 83(8): 573-581.
[6] Davis S K, Nowland R, Qualter P. The Role of Emotional Intelligence in the Maintenance of Depression Symptoms and Loneliness Among Children[J]. Front. Psychol. 2019, 10.
[7] Yuan J. Reflections on the Role of Football in College PE Education[J]. Journal of Guangzhou Sport University. 2016, 36(01): 40-42.
[8] Zhang G, Zhu D. The Intervention Effect of Football Sports on the Loneliness of Left-behind Children in Rural Areas[J]. Chin J Sch Health. 2019(9).
[9] Wang Y. Research on physical self-esteem of left-behind children in rural areas promoted by physical exercise[J]. Journal of Weinan Normal University. 2018, 33(20): 89-97.
[10] Huang M. The Nature of Self-esteem[J]. 广州师院学报(社会科学版). 1996(02): 41-46.
[11] Zhang K, Zhang J. Effects of football teaching and training on adolescent physical self-esteem and social anxiety[J]. Journal of Hebei Sport University. 2017, 31(04): 77-82.
[12] Baumeister R F, Campbell J D, Krueger J I, et al. Does high self-esteem cause better performance, interpersonal success, happiness, or healthier lifestyles[J]. Psychological Science. 2003, 4: 1-44.
[13] Chen X, Li Z, Wang J. The Effects of Loneliness and Social Anxiety or Depression in Difficult Children: The Mediating Role of Self-esteem[J]. Joumal of Psychological Sience. 2021, 44(01): 199-204.
[14] Deshpande S K, Hasegawa R B, Weiss J, et al. The association between adolescent football participation and early adulthood depression[J]. PLoS ONE. 2020, 15(3): e229978.
[15] Cacioppo, John T, Stephanie. The growing problem of loneliness[J]. LANCET -LONDON-. 2018.
[16] Rihmer Z, Gonda X. Antidepressant-Resistant Depression and Antidepressant-Associated Suicidal Behaviour: The Role of Underlying Bipolarity[J]. Depression Research and Treatment. 2011, 2011: 1-5.
[17] Zhu R. Current situation and analysis of primary school football under the background of campus football[J]. Stylistic Articles and Technology. 2021(05): 187-188.
[18] Liu R, Zhan X, Li X, et al. Effects and correlation of gross motor intervention on movement and social skills of autistic children[J]. Chin J Sch Health. 2021, 42(03): 358-362.
[19] Dong X. The Influence of Campus Football on the Development of
[20] Students' Physical Quality and Psychological Quality[J]. Modern Sports Science and Technology. 2020, 10(30): 136-137.
[21] Wang Y, Xu H. Study on the influential factors of loneliness of community residents based on multiple linear regression model[J]. Chinese Journal of Health Statistics. 2017, 34(2): 309-311.
[22] Liu Y. Correlation analysis of physical exercise and body shape body self-esteem of middle school students[J]. Chin J Sch Health. 2013, 34(02): 196-198.
[23] Sun W, Fan S, Gao F. Study on the characteristics and relationship of healthy personality and body self-esteem in different sports events of college students[J]. Journal of Hebei Sport University. 2015, 29(03): 79-83.
[24] Yu T, Mao Z. Relationship among Physical Exercise, Self-esteem and personality of Teenager in Beijing[J]. CHINA SPORT SCIENCE. 2013, 33(03): 49-55.
[25] Yoshifumi T, Joyo S, Kenta K, et al. Psychological Pressure Distorts High Jumpers' Perception of the Height of the Bar[J]. Journal of Functional Morphology & Kinesiology. 2018, 3(2): 29.
[26] Twisk J W R, Kemper H C G, van Mechelen W. Prediction of cardiovascular disease risk factors later in life by physical activity and physical fitness in youth: general comments and conclusions[J]. International journal of sports medicine. 2002, 23 Suppl 1: S44.
[27] Zhang K, Zhang J. Effects of football teaching and training on adolescent physical self-esteem and social anxiety[J]. Journal of Hebei Sport University. 2017, 31(04): 77-82.
[28] Jia L. The Relationship between Mobile Dependence and Loneliness of Senior High School Students: Mediating Effect of Self-esteem and Sense of Security
[29] [D]. Hebei Normal University, 2018.
[30] Liang Q. The Influence of Security on Loneliness of Middle School Students: The Mediating Role of Self-esteem[D]. China West Normal University, 2019.
[31] Yu X. A study on loneliness of college students and its relationship with self-esteem and social support[J]. Journal of Southeast University (Philosophy and Social Science). 2008(S1): 261-265.
[32] Zhang W. The relationship between peer relationship and loneliness of left-behind middle school students and the intervention research[D]. Hebei Normal University, 2017.
[33] Liu Y, Yan Z. The Effect of Peer Relationship on Internet Addiction in Middle School Students: Based on the Mediating Role of Loneliness[J]. Journal of Jimei University. 2016, 17(03): 37-40.
[34] Wu H, Ji L. The Experimental Study about Impact of Different Accumulation Moderate to Vigorous Intensity Physical Activity Time in Physical Education Class on Health-related Physical Fitness and Emotional State of Junior High School Students[J]. China sport science. 2015, 35(01): 13-23.
[35] Peng X, Dou K, Liang Y, et al. Adolescent peer attachment and externalizing problem behavior: The chain mediating effect of self-esteem and emotion regulation self-efficacy[J]. China Journal of Health Psychology. 2021, 29(01): 118-123.
[36] Ma J, Zhang Y, Shi M. The Relationship between Self-esteem and Loneliness and Interpersonal Disturbance of College Students[J]. Journal of Xinyang Normal University. 2017, 37(04): 7-10.
[37] Xu Q. Study on the Influence of Cheerleading Exercise on Primary School Students' Physical Self-esteem and Some Physical Quality Indices[D]. Shanghai Normal University Master of Philosophy, 2019.
[38] Eide E R, Showalter M H, Goldhaber D D. The relation between children's health and academic achievement[J]. Children and Youth Services Review. 2010, 32(2): 231-238.
[39] Salzler M J, Stoker G E, Lunardini D J, et al. The Role of High School Football Coverage in Resident Education[J]. Orthopedics. 2020, 43(6).

All published work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Copyright © 2016 - 2031 Clausius Scientific Press Inc. All Rights Reserved.