Author(s)

Cao Guoqiang ¹, Li Shimeng ², Luo Zheng ¹

Affiliation(s)

¹ Hunan Institute of Science and Technology, Yueyang, 414006, Hunan, China
² Yueyang No.7 Middle School, Yueyang, 414000, Hunan, China

Corresponding Author

Luo Zheng

ABSTRACT

Against the backdrop of educational digitalization, university physical education courses urgently require innovative instructional models to enhance teaching effectiveness and foster students' lifelong physical literacy. Volleyball general courses, characterized by high skill complexity and strong requirements for team coordination, face practical challenges such as limited class hours, significant disparities in student proficiency levels, and diversified evaluation dimensions. This study aims to explore the theoretical underpinnings and practical value of applying the SPOC (Small Private Online Course) instructional model in volleyball general courses. Drawing on theories from pedagogy, psychology, and sports didactics, the study adopts an approach integrating literature review, theoretical construction, and case-based validation to systematically delineate the core features of the SPOC model and to construct a three-dimensional theoretical framework for its application in volleyball instruction. The findings indicate that building a self-organized learning system integrating in-class and out-of-class contexts can effectively overcome the inherent limitations of traditional volleyball teaching. This study not only enriches the theoretical discourse on the digital transformation of physical education, but also provides practical guidance for the reform of university sports curricula.

KEYWORDS

SPOC teaching model; general volleyball course; digital teaching; physical education reform

CITE THIS PAPER

Cao Guoqiang, Li Shimeng, Luo Zheng. Theoretical Framework and Pedagogical Implementation of the SPOC-Based Instructional Model in Collegiate Volleyball General Education. Adult and Higher Education (2026). Vol. 8, No. 2, 102-116. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.23977/aduhe.2026.080213.

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Sponsors, Associates, and Links

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• Advances in Educational Technology and Psychology
  
  
• Curriculum and Teaching Methodology
  
  
• Transactions on Comparative Education
  
  
• Applied & Educational Psychology
  
  
• Advances in Vocational and Technical Education