Education, Science, Technology, Innovation and Life
Open Access
Sign In

The Link between Brain Infarction and the Gut Microbiome —— Brain-Gut Axis

Download as PDF

DOI: 10.23977/medsc.2022.030508 | Downloads: 23 | Views: 591

Author(s)

Yunyun Li 1, Hai Lin 2, Tong Yu 3

Affiliation(s)

1 Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang Shaanxi, 712046, China
2 Xi'an Trasitional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710021, China
3 Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi, 712046, China

Corresponding Author

Hai Lin

ABSTRACT

Along with research going deep, a bidirectional microbial-gut-brain axis has been found between the brain and gut microbiota, it involves many biological networks such as neural network, neuroendocrine system, immune system and metabolic pathway. Stroke is a high incidence disease in the world, with a high mortality and disability rate. The injury mechanism of ischemic stroke is complex, including calcium overload in nerve cells, cytotoxic effect of excitatory amino acids, free radical and reperfusion injury, nerve cell apoptosis, etc. The current research hotspots have been in-depth into the molecular level, signaling pathway research and targeted therapy [1]. Further understanding of microbial-gut-brain axis can provide more positive help for the prevention, treatment and prognosis of ischemic stroke.

KEYWORDS

Gut microbiota, Microbial-gut-brain axis, Brain-gut axis, Cerebral infarction, Ischemic stroke

CITE THIS PAPER

Yunyun Li, Hai Lin, Tong Yu, The Link between Brain Infarction and the Gut Microbiome —— Brain-Gut Axis. MEDS Clinical Medicine (2022) Vol. 3: 44-48. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.23977/medsc.2022.030508.

REFERENCES

[1] Wu Yongmei, Tao Ruying, Meng Xiangbao, Sun Xiaobo, Sun Guibo, Zhang Hui. Ischemic stroke damage mechanism research progress [J]. Journal of jilin of traditional Chinese medicine, 2018, 38 (03): 368-372. The DOI: 10.13463/j.carol carroll nki jlzyy.2018.03.034.
[2] Wang J, Zhang H, He J, Xiong X. The Role of the Gut Microbiota in the Development of Ischemic Stroke. Front Immunol. 2022 Mar 28; 13: 845243. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.845243. PMID: 35418976; PMCID: PMC8995494.
[3] Nam HS. Gut Microbiota and Ischemic Stroke: The Role of Trimethylamine N-Oxide. J Stroke. 2019 May; 21(2): 151-159. doi: 10.5853/jos.2019.00472. Epub 2019 May 31. PMID: 31161760; PMCID: PMC6549071.
[4] Gwak MG, Chang SY. Gut-Brain Connection: Microbiome, Gut Barrier, and Environmental Sensors. Immune Netw. 2021 Jun 16; 21(3): e20. doi: 10.4110/in.2021.21.e20. PMID: 34277110; PMCID: PMC8263213.
[5] Wehrwein EA, Orer HS, Barman SM. Overview of the Anatomy, Physiology, and Pharmacology of the Autonomic Nervous System. Compr Physiol. 2016 Jun 13; 6(3): 1239-78. doi: 10.1002/cphy.c150037. PMID: 27347892.
[6] Houlden A, Goldrick M, Brough D, Vizi ES, Lénárt N, Martinecz B, Roberts IS, Denes A. Brain injury induces specific changes in the caecal microbiota of mice via altered autonomic activity and mucoprotein production. Brain Behav Immun. 2016 Oct; 57: 10-20. doi: 10.1016/j.bbi.2016.04.003. Epub 2016 Apr 6. PMID: 27060191; PMCID: PMC5021180.
[7] Barugh AJ, Gray P, Shenkin SD, MacLullich AM, Mead GE. Cortisol levels and the severity and outcomes of acute stroke: a systematic review. J Neurol. 2014 Mar; 261(3): 533-45. doi: 10.1007/s00415-013-7231-5. Epub 2014 Jan 30. PMID: 24477489; PMCID: PMC4928702.
[8] Lightman SL, Birnie MT, Conway-Campbell BL. Dynamics of ACTH and Cortisol Secretion and Implications for Disease. Endocr Rev. 2020 Jun 1; 41(3): bnaa002. doi: 10.1210/endrev/bnaa002. PMID: 32060528; PMCID: PMC7240781.
[9] Yang Z, Wei F, Zhang B, Luo Y, Xing X, Wang M, Chen R, Sun G, Sun X. Cellular Immune Signal Exchange from Ischemic Stroke to Intestinal Lesions Through Brain-Gut Axis. Front Immunol. 2022 Apr 1; 13: 688619. doi: 10.3389/ fimmu.2022.688619. PMID: 35432368; PMCID: PMC9010780.
[10] Chidambaram SB, Rathipriya AG, Mahalakshmi AM, Sharma S, Hediyal TA, Ray B, Sunanda T, Rungratanawanich W, Kashyap RS, Qoronfleh MW, Essa MM, Song BJ, Monaghan TM. The Influence of Gut Dysbiosis in the Pathogenesis and Management of Ischemic Stroke. Cells. 2022 Apr 6; 11(7): 1239. doi: 10.3390/cells11071239. PMID: 35406804; PMCID: PMC8997586.
[11] Hu W, Kong X, Wang H, Li Y, Luo Y. Ischemic stroke and intestinal flora: an insight into brain-gut axis. Eur J Med Res. 2022 May 25; 27(1): 73. doi: 10.1186/s40001-022-00691-2. PMID: 35614480; PMCID: PMC9131669.
[12] Cryan JF, O'Riordan KJ, Cowan CSM, Sandhu KV, Bastiaanssen TFS, Boehme M, Codagnone MG, Cussotto S, Fulling C, Golubeva AV, Guzzetta KE, Jaggar M, Long-Smith CM, Lyte JM, Martin JA, Molinero-Perez A, Moloney G, Morelli E, Morillas E, O'Connor R, Cruz-Pereira JS, Peterson VL, Rea K, Ritz NL, Sherwin E, Spichak S, Teichman EM, van de Wouw M, Ventura-Silva AP, Wallace-Fitzsimons SE, Hyland N, Clarke G, Dinan TG. The Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis. Physiol Rev. 2019 Oct 1;99(4):1877-2013. doi: 10.1152/physrev.00018.2018. PMID: 31460832.
[13] Goyal D, Ali SA, Singh RK. Emerging role of gut microbiota in modulation of neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration with emphasis on Alzheimer's disease. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 2021 Mar 2; 106: 110112. doi: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2020.110112. Epub 2020 Sep 16. PMID: 32949638.
[14] Banks WA. Evidence for a cholecystokinin gut-brain axis with modulation by bombesin. Peptides. 1980 Winter; 1(4): 347-51. doi: 10.1016/0196-9781(80)90013-3. PMID: 7301638.
[15] Benakis C, Brea D, Caballero S, Faraco G, Moore J, Murphy M, Sita G, Racchumi G, Ling L, Pamer EG, Iadecola C, Anrather J. Commensal microbiota affects ischemic stroke outcome by regulating intestinal γδ T cells. Nat Med. 2016 May; 22(5): 516-23. doi: 10.1038/nm.4068. Epub 2016 Mar 28. PMID: 27019327; PMCID: PMC4860105.
[16] Kim JH, Lim C, Cho S. Ischemic-time associated reductions in equol monosulfate plasma levels in a mouse model of ischemic stroke: support the existence of a 'brain-gut axis'. Neuroreport. 2021 Apr 7; 32(6): 458-464. doi: 10.1097/ WNR.0000000000001618. PMID: 33657076.  
[17] Pluta R, Januszewski S, Czuczwar SJ. The Role of Gut Microbiota in an Ischemic Stroke. Int J Mol Sci. 2021 Jan 18; 22(2): 915. doi: 10.3390/ijms22020915. PMID: 33477609; PMCID: PMC7831313.
[18] Zhao L, Xiong Q, Stary CM, Mahgoub OK, Ye Y, Gu L, Xiong X, Zhu S. Bidirectional gut-brain-microbiota axis as a potential link between inflammatory bowel disease and ischemic stroke. J Neuroinflammation. 2018 Dec 11; 15(1): 339. doi: 10.1186/s12974-018-1382-3. PMID: 30537997; PMCID: PMC6290529.
[19] Li N, Wang X, Sun C, Wu X, Lu M, Si Y, Ye X, Wang T, Yu X, Zhao X, Wei N, Wang X. Change of intestinal microbiota in cerebral ischemic stroke patients. BMC Microbiol. 2019 Aug 19; 19(1): 191. doi: 10.1186/s12866-019-1552-1. PMID: 31426765; PMCID: PMC6700817.
[20] Iadecola C, Anrather J. The immunology of stroke: from mechanisms to translation. Nat Med. 2011 Jul 7; 17(7): 796-808. doi: 10.1038/nm.2399. PMID: 21738161; PMCID: PMC3137275.
[21] Singh V, Roth S, Llovera G, Sadler R, Garzetti D, Stecher B, Dichgans M, Liesz A. Microbiota Dysbiosis Controls the Neuroinflammatory Response after Stroke. J Neurosci. 2016 Jul 13; 36(28): 7428-40. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI. 1114-16. 2016. PMID: 27413153; PMCID: PMC6705544.
[22] Chidambaram SB, Rathipriya AG, Mahalakshmi AM, Sharma S, Hediyal TA, Ray B, Sunanda T, Rungratanawanich W, Kashyap RS, Qoronfleh MW, Essa MM, Song BJ, Monaghan TM. The Influence of Gut Dysbiosis in the Pathogenesis and Management of Ischemic Stroke. Cells. 2022 Apr 6; 11(7): 1239. doi: 10.3390/cells11071239. PMID: 35406804; PMCID: PMC8997586.
[23] Yuan B, Lu XJ, Wu Q. Gut Microbiota and Acute Central Nervous System Injury: A New Target for Therapeutic Intervention. Front Immunol. 2021 Dec 24; 12: 800796. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.800796. PMID: 35003127; PMCID: PMC8740048.
[24] Yamashiro K, Kurita N, Urabe T, Hattori N. Role of the Gut Microbiota in Stroke Pathogenesis and Potential Therapeutic Implications. Ann Nutr Metab. 2021; 77 Suppl 2(Suppl 2): 36-44. doi: 10.1159/000516398. Epub 2021 Jun 9. PMID: 34107468; PMCID: PMC8619778.
[25] Bao Z, Zhang Z, Zhou G, Zhang A, Shao A, Zhou F. Novel Mechanisms and Therapeutic Targets for Ischemic Stroke: A Focus on Gut Microbiota. Front Cell Neurosci. 2022 May 17; 16: 871720. doi: 10.3389/fncel.2022.871720. PMID: 35656406; PMCID: PMC9152006.
[26] Liu C, Cheng X, Zhong S, Liu Z, Liu F, Lin X, Zhao Y, Guan M, Xiao T, Jolkkonen J, Wang Y, Zhao C. Long-term modification of gut microbiota by broad-spectrum antibiotics improves stroke outcome in rats. Stroke Vasc Neurol. 2022 May 16:svn-2021-001231. doi: 10.1136/svn-2021-001231. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 35577395.

Downloads: 4342
Visits: 191661

Sponsors, Associates, and Links


All published work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Copyright © 2016 - 2031 Clausius Scientific Press Inc. All Rights Reserved.