Author(s)

Bing Li

Corresponding Author

Bing Li

ABSTRACT

This study aims at exploring the relationship among Shandong GDP growth, higher education development and R&D expenditure. The conclusion we obtain is a positive correlation among Shandong GDP, higher education development and R&D expenditure. Granger Causality test indicates that Shandong GDP could be explained as Granger causes of higher education development and enterprise’ R&D expenditure increase in Shandong. This paper explains that the fast-higher education development in Shandong contributed to the Shandong GDP growth, and R&D expenditure had a much stronger influence upon Shandong GDP growth. So that public and private investment in higher education and enterprise’ R&D expenditure are all very important factors in order to ensure a sustainable growth of GDP.

KEYWORDS

Sustainable GDP, higher education development, R&D expenditure