Education, Science, Technology, Innovation and Life
Open Access
Sign In

Examining the effects of COVID-19 Data with Panel Data Analysis

Download as PDF

DOI: 10.23977/socmhm.2021.020101 | Downloads: 63 | Views: 2447

Author(s)

Hülya Çivak 1, Ceydanur Küren 1, Safiye Turgay 2

Affiliation(s)

1 Institute of Science, Sakarya University, Turkey
2 Department of Industrial Engineering, Sakarya University, Turkey

Corresponding Author

Hülya Çivak

ABSTRACT

In this study, the relationship between the COVID-19 outbreak spreading function, where cases, tests, age, hospitalization rate and mortality were defined as inputs, was examined for G20 countries. It also shows the extent to which countries have taken precautions against COVID-19 with the recommended congestion index. The data of G20 countries between 12.03.2020 and 29.05.2020 were analyzed and descriptive statistics were calculated from https://github.com/owid/covid-19-data/blob/master/public/data/owid-covid-data.xlsx. Panel data analysis is used to investigate the effect on the output value based on the variables in question for an event occurring at once. When examining the effect of the tightness index on the number of deaths, the correlation value was calculated as 0.7639. It has been observed that a one unit change in the hardness index increases production by 7.8017. In our study, unlike these studies, the social factors on the number of cases was examined and Panel Data Analysis Fixed Effects Model was applied using R Studio. At the same time, the relationship between the measures taken by countries and the number of cases / death rates was also examined.

KEYWORDS

COVID-19, pandemic, Mathematical Model, RStudio, Panel data analysis

CITE THIS PAPER

Hülya Çivak, Ceydanur Küren, Safiye Turgay, Examining the effects of COVID-19 Data with Panel Data Analysis. Social Medicine and Health Management (2021) Vol. 2: 1-16. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.23977/socmhm.2021.020101

REFERENCES

[1] Adekola, H.A., Adekunle, I.A., Egberongbe, H.O., Onitilo, S.A., Abdullahi, I.N. 2020. Mathematical modeling for infectious viral disease: The COVID-19 perspective, Journal of Public Affairs. https://doi.org/10.1002/pa.2306
[2] Adekunle, I.A., Tella, S.A., Oyesiku, K.O., Oseni, I. O. August 2020. Spatiotemporal analysis of meteorological factors in abating the spread of COVID-19 in Africa, Heliyon, 6(8) e04749.
[3] Alshammari, T.M., Altebainawi, A.F., Alenzi, K.A. July 2020. Importance of Early Precautionary Actions in Avoiding the Spread of COVID-19: Saudi Arabia as an Example,  Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal, 28(7) 898-902.
[4] Aluga, M.A. April 2020. Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Kenya: Preparedness, Response and Transmissibility. Journal of Microbiology, Immunology and Infection 53(5) (2020) 671-673,  2019–21. 
[5] Aydin, M. June 2019. Renewable and non-renewable electricity consumption–economic growth nexus: Evidence from OECD countries, Renewable Energy, 136, 599-606. 
[6] Aydin, M. Aug. 2019. The Effect of Biomass Energy Consumption on Economic Growth in BRICS Countries: A Country-Specific Panel Data Analysis, Renewable Energy, 138, 620-627.
[7] Bonanad, C., Garcio-Blas, S., Tarazona-Santabalbina, F., Sanchis,  J., Bertomeu-Gonzalez, V., Facila, L., Ariza,  A.,  Nunez, J., Cordero,  A. July 2020. The Effect of Age on Mortality in Patients with Covid-19: A Meta-analysis with 611,583 Subjects, Journal of the American Medical Directors Association,   21(7) 915-918. 
[8] Briz-Redón, A., Serrano-Aroca, A. 2020. The effect of climate on the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic: A review of findings, and statistical and modelling techniques, Progress in Physical Geography: Earth and Environment, 1-14. doi: 10.1177/0309133320946302
[9] Ceylan, Z. 2020. Estimation of COVID-19 Prevalence in Italy, Spain, and France,  Science of the Total Environment 729 (2020) 138817. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv. 138817
[10] Chakraborty, I., Maity, P., 2020.  COVID-19 outbreak: Migration, effects on society, global environment and prevention. The science of the total environment, 22:728, 138882
[11] Ghanbari, B. Nov. 2020. On forecasting the spread of the COVID-19 in Iran: The second wave, Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, 140,  110176.
[12] Gulati, A., Pomeranz,  C., Qamar, Z., Thomas, S., Frisch, D., George, G., Summer, R., DeSimone, J., Sundaram, B. A. 2020.Comprehensive Review of Manifestations of Novel Coronaviruses in the Context of Deadly COVID-19 Global Pandemic, The American Journal of the Medical Sciences 360(1) 5-34 
[13] Güney, T., Kantar,  K. 2020. Biomass energy consumption and sustainable development, International Journal of Sustainable Development & World Ecology,.https://doi.org/10.1080/13504509.2020.1753124 2020
[14] Lau, H., Khosrawipour, V., Kocbach, P. A. Mikolajczyk, H.Ichii, J.Schubert, J.Bania, T. Khosrawipour, June 2020. Internationally Lost COVID-19 Cases, Journal of Microbiology, Immunology and Infection, 53(3), 454-458.
[15] Marimuthu, Y., Nagappa, B., Sharma,  N., Basu, S., Chopra, K.K., 2020.  COVID-19 and tuberculosis: A mathematical model based forecasting in Delhi, India, Indian Journal of Tuberculosis, 67(2) 177-181. 
[16] Mi, Y., Huang, T., Zhang, J., Qin, Q., Gong, Y., Liu, S., Xue, H., Ning, C., Cao, L., Cao, Y. 2020. Estimating Instant Case Fatality Rate of COVID-19 in China.” International journal of infectious diseases,  IJID 9712: 30271–X. 
[17] Middelburg, R.A., Rosendaal, F.R. July 2020. COVID-19: How to Make between-Country Comparisons,  International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 96, 477-481.
[18] Pathak, Y., Shukla, P.K., Tiwari, A., Stalin, S., Singh, S., Shukla, P.K. 2020. Deep Transfer Learning Based Classification Model for COVID-19 Disease  Irbm, 1–6. 
[19] Paudel, K., Bhandari,  P., Joshi,  Y.P. June 2020. Situation analysis of novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) cases in Nepal, Applied Science and Technology Annals, 1,(1 ) 09- 14.  doi: 10.3126/asta.v1i1.30267
[20] Perveen, S., Orfali, R., Shafiq ul Azam, M., Aati, H.Y., Bukhari, K., Bukhari, S., Al-Taweel, I. July 2020. A.Coronavirus nCOVID-19: A pandemic disease and the Saudi precautions, Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal 28 (7) 888-897.
[21] Pesaran, M.H. 2007. A simple panel unit root test in the presence of cross-section dependence, J. Appl. Econom. 22 (2) 265-312.
[22] Shi, P., Dong, Y., Yan, H., Zhao, C.L.X., Miao, W.L., Tang, S., Xi, S. 2020.Impact of Temperature on the Dynamics of the COVID-19 Outbreak in China,  Science of the Total Environment  728(77). 
[23] Torrealba-Rodriguez, O., Conde-Gultierrez, R.A., Hemandez-Javier, A.L. September 2020.Modeling and Prediction of COVID-19 in Mexico Applying Mathematical and Computational Models, Chaos, Solitons and Fractals 138 ,109946 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chaos.2020.109946.
[24] Westerlund, J., Edgerton, D.L. 2007.A panel bootstrap cointegration test, Econ. Lett. 97 (3) 185-190.
[25] Williams, R., 2012.Panel Data 4: Fixed Effects vs Random Effects Models. Sociology 73994, 1–6. 
[26] Wu, T., Wu, H.August 2017. The Influence of International Tourism Receipts on Economic Development: Evidence from China’s 31 Major Regions, Journal of Travel Research, 57 (1), doi: 10.1177/0047287517722231.
[27] Zhao, N., Liu, Y.,Smaragiassi, A.,Bernatsky,  S. 2020. Tracking the Origin of Early COVID-19 Cases in Canada, International Journal of Infectious Diseases,  9712: 30353–2.
[28] Zhao, J., Zhao, Y., Miao, Z., April 2020.Analysis of panel data partially linear single-index models with serially correlated errors, Journal of Computational and Applied Mathematics 368, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cam.2019.112532
[29] https://covid19.saglik.gov.tr/
[30] https://github.com/owid/covid-19-data/blob/master/public/data/owid-covid-data.xlsx
[31] https://www.bbc.com
[32] https://www.who.int/

Downloads: 862
Visits: 34478

All published work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Copyright © 2016 - 2031 Clausius Scientific Press Inc. All Rights Reserved.