Author(s)

Qichuan (Esther) Jiang ¹

Affiliation(s)

¹ NYU Steinhardt School of Culture, Education and Human Development, New York University, New York, 10003, United States

Corresponding Author

Qichuan (Esther) Jiang

ABSTRACT

While people are aware that minority students are experiencing certain levels of inequality and unfair treatment in education, this literature review helps to explore the stereotypes of minority students in education by focusing on the Asian and African American students. This review shows some social reasons behind the formation of those stereotypes and how the stereotype threat and consciousness might affect minority students' performance, identification, and future development. The review also covers the idea of color-blind racism and connects it to the formation of those minority groups' stereotypes.  

KEYWORDS

Minority education, Minority stereotype, Stereotype threat, Color-blind racism, Asian minority group, African American students’ performance, Achievement gap, Socio-economic background, United States

CITE THIS PAPER

Qichuan (Esther) Jiang, Stereotypes of Minority Students in American Education. Applied & Educational Psychology (2022) Vol. 3: 10-16. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.23977/appep.2022.030302.

REFERENCES

[1] Lee, S. (2016). Behind the model minority stereotype: voices of high- and low-achieving Asian American students. (SOECR – CHAPT. 18). 
[2] Fordham, S. & Ogbu, J. U. (1986). Black students' school success: Coping with the "burden of acting White." The Urban Review, 18, 3, 176-206. 
[3] Ng, J. C., Lee, S. S., & Pak, Y. K. (2007). Contesting the Model Minority and Perpetual Foreigner Stereotypes: A Critical Review of Literature on Asian Americans in Education. Review of Research in Education, 31, 95–130. 
[4] Ghaffer-Kucher, A. (2011) The religification of Pakistani-American youth. American Educational Research Journal, 49, 1, 30-52. 
[5] Labov, William. (1972) Academic ignorance and black intelligence. 59-67.
[6] Maholmes, Valerie. “Revisiting Stereotype Threat: Examining Minority Students’ Attitudes toward Learning Mathematics and Science.” Race, Gender & Class, vol. 8, no. 1, Jean Ait Belkhir, Race, Gender & Class Journal, 2001, pp. 8–21.
[7] McKown, C., & Weinstein, R. S. (2003). The Development and Consequences of Stereotype Consciousness in Middle Childhood. Child Development, 74, 2, 498–515. 
[8] Appel, M., & Kronberger, N. (2012). Stereotypes and the Achievement Gap: Stereotype Threat Prior to Test Taking. Educational Psychology Review, 24, 4, 609–635. 
[9] Bonilla-Silva, E. (2006). Racism without racist: Color-blind racism and the persistence of racial inequality in America. 2nd Edition. Lanham, Maryland: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc. CHAPTERS 1-3. 

Sponsors, Associates, and Links

---

• Advances in Educational Technology and Psychology
  
  
• Curriculum and Teaching Methodology
  
  
• Transactions on Comparative Education
  
  
• Advances in Vocational and Technical Education
  
  
• Adult and Higher Education